Serena Williams Undergoes Emegency Surgery for Pulmonary Embolus

What are pulmonary emboli (PE's)? "Pulmonary embolus" literally means "lung clots." They are blood clots in the lung. These are often formed in the calves or thighs, after long periods of immobilization, broken long bones like thigh and leg bones, and during high estrogen states like pregnancy and cancer. While in the legs and thighs they are called DVT's (deep venous thrombi). They can migrate through the heart to the lungs and if large enough, can cut off circulation and breathing altogether. When this happens, a person can suddenly collapse and die. Those who survive PE's often present to the ER complaining of shortness of breath, chest pain, heaviness, or tightness, or coughing up blood. They may or may not have accompanying leg pain or swelling. They may show a rapid rate of breathing, low oxygenation, and a high heart rate. Diagnosis is confirmed with CT scan of the chest, and a V/Q or ventilation /perfusion scan. Treatment requires blood thinners (anticoagulants) like Heparin, Lovenox, and Coumadin (warfarin) to help dissolve the clot.
Things that put us at risk include frequent and long plane/car trips without enough breaks to walk, stretch and massage the legs, especially when dehydrated, obesity, cancer, smoking, birth control pills, and smoking while taking birth control pills.
So remember, control your weight, avoid smoking, get cancer screenings as appropriate, stay well hydrated, and take frequent breaks to walk during long trips. While taking birth control, keep the symptoms mentioned in mind, so you know when to seek medical attention.